Thyroid-stimulating hormone promotes normal development and activity of the thyroid gland. Hypersecretion causes gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults hyposecretion in children causes pituitary dwarfism. Secretion is regulated by growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH), or somatostatin. GH mobilizes fats, stimulates protein synthesis, and inhibits glucose uptake and metabolism. It may act directly, or indirectly via insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). Somatotropic hormone or growth hormone (GH) is an anabolic hormone that stimulates the growth of all body tissues especially skeletal muscle and bone. Most anterior pituitary hormones exhibit a diurnal rhythm of release, which is subject to modification by stimuli influencing the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus regulates the hormonal output of the anterior pituitary and creates two hormones that it exports to the posterior pituitary for storage and later release.įour of the six anterior pituitary hormones are tropic hormones that regulate the function of other endocrine organs. It consists of a hormone-producing glandular portion of the anterior pituitary and a neural portion of the posterior pituitary, which is an extension of the hypothalamus. The pituitary gland hangs from the base of the brain by the pituitary stalk, and is enclosed by bone.
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